## Composition and Pharmacology

– **Tranexamic Acid** is available in two concentrations: 50 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml, with each ml containing the respective amount of tranexamic acid and water for injection  .

– It belongs to the **antihemorrhagics** and **antifibrinolytics** pharmacotherapeutic group, exerting its effects by inhibiting the fibrinolytic properties of plasmin  .

– In vitro studies indicate that high doses of tranexamic acid can decrease complement activity  .

## Pediatric Use

– In children over one year, studies suggest that tranexamic acid reduces blood loss and the need for blood products during cardiac surgery  .

– Recommended dosing includes a bolus of 10 mg/kg after anesthesia induction, followed by a continuous infusion  .

## Pharmacokinetics

– **Absorption**: Peak plasma concentrations are achieved rapidly post-infusion, with a half-life of approximately 3 hours  .

– **Distribution**: Plasma protein binding is about 3%, primarily to plasminogen, with a volume of distribution of 9 to 12 liters  .

– **Elimination**: Excretion occurs mainly via urine, with 90% eliminated within 24 hours  .

## Indications and Usage

– Tranexamic acid is indicated for preventing and treating hemorrhages due to fibrinolysis in adults and children over one year  .

– Specific indications include menorrhagia, gastrointestinal bleeding, and surgical hemorrhages  .

## Contraindications

– Contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity, acute thrombosis, severe renal impairment, and a history of convulsions  .

## Drug Interactions and Warnings

– Caution is advised when used with anticoagulants and thrombolytic drugs due to potential increased thrombus formation  .

– **Warnings** include the risk of convulsions, visual disturbances, and thromboembolic events  .

## Side Effects

– Common side effects include gastrointestinal issues like diarrhea and nausea   .

– Serious adverse reactions may include convulsions and visual disturbances   .

## Dosage and Administration

– Recommended doses for adults range from 0.5 g to 1 g by slow intravenous injection  .

– Adjustments are necessary for patients with renal impairment     .

## Pregnancy and Lactation

– Tranexamic acid is not recommended during the first trimester of pregnancy and should be used cautiously throughout  .

– It is excreted in breast milk, thus breastfeeding is not advised  .

## Storage

– Store in a cool place and keep out of reach of children  .